Appendix for: Fernando Castro-Chavez. The Digram I Ching Genetic Code Compresses the Genetic Code into 24 Compatible Main Codons. Biomed. J. Sci. & Tech. Res. 20(2):14834-14843; 2019. DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2019.20.003413

The PDF of the Article is: https://biomedres.us/pdfs/BJSTR.MS.ID.003413.pdf, and that of the updated Appendix is: https://tinyurl.com/fdocc-appendixes-2019

Appendix 1.

Table representing the positional arrangement of the codon groups when we consider the C-rings of the nucleotides, being the “C” for “Carbon”, the “R” for “Purine” and the “Y” for “Pyrimidine” (added the products of multiplying the R = 3 = A = G, while the Y = 2 = C = U), keeping the same alternate relation as before (when using the H-bonds, only with the difference that here the subdivision to sum the 24 groups is given by the S and not by the * as with the H-bonds), giving us now 23 groups due to the current fusion in one big group of the Leucine (L); the same “musical” relation of Pythagoras 3/2, 2/3, 3/2, 2/3 in the four horizontals macro-groups is kept as when the initial relation with the H-bonds was done:

Appendix 2.

Table representing the positional arrangement of the codon groups when we consider the tautomerism of nucleotides, being the “T” for “Tautomer”, the “E” for “Enol/Keto” (or vice versa for U and G, forming a triple H-bond) and the “I” for “Imino/Amino” (or vice versa for A and C, forming a double H-bond) and (added the products of multiplying the E = 3 = U = G, while the I = 2 = C = A), keeping the same alternate relation as before (when using the H-bonds and when using, above, the C-rings); again, the same “musical” relation of Pythagoras 3/2, 2/3, 3/2, 2/3 in the four horizontals macro-groups is kept as when the initial relation with the H-bonds was done:

Reference for this Appendix 2: Khuu, P., & Ho, P. S. (2009). A rare nucleotide base tautomer in the structure of an asymmetric DNA junction. Biochemistry 48(33): 824-7832.

Appendix 3.

Concluding this appendix: These 20 replacements have been perpetrated to my favorite Mexican text:

Figure 10. Relation of the 20 adulterations in “The Fair” by Juan José Arreola. Further information about these “mutational” changes in books: https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B07GZZ9ZWS and https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B07JJF3X2N, in Spanish for now (more details about the specific context of each history and the significance of the adulteration or replacement to be discussed in an article in Spanish elsewhere).

Note: Having celebrated the 100^th birthday of my best Mexican educator: Juan José Arreola, I did the discovery that his novel “La feria” (“The fair”) was tampered in precisely 20 vignettes between the versions published in the 60s (1963, 1964, 1966; the ones with five vignettes on the cover) and the ones published starting on 1971 (the ones with the red cover), and this done by his same publisher “Joaquín Mortiz”. For the record I leave here the respective adulterations and its corresponding pages in their order of appearance (being the first the one of the 60s and the second the 1971 one (see ref.), per each, as seen in the image below).

References for this Appendix 3:

A. ORIGINAL: Arreola, Juan José. “La feria”. [First edition]. D.F.: Joaquín Mortiz (“Serie del volador”; Editorial Muñoz, S. A.; 4,000 ejemplares; “Asteriscos de Vicente Rojo”), 5-XI-1963:200 p.

B. ADULTERATED: Arreola, Juan José. La feria. [In: “Obras de J. J. Arreola”. “First edition”]. D.F.: Joaquín Mortiz (Editorial Muñoz, S. A.; 6,300 ejemplares; it does not say, as it used to say before: “Asteriscos de Vicente Rojo”), between the 15th & the 29th of Nov., 1971:184 p.

Appendix 4.

At the last moment, as a plus, I wanted to consign an amazing capture that I did:

I want to emphasize here, at the last minute, the tremendous importance of colors, in my most current captures, in relation to the electric storms, those that to the naked eye look almost always just like white (because of its high speed. Remember the colored rotating circle at full speed…, or the fast processes of the DNA replication and of transcription, which then also, theoretically, may look as white: “When they rotate at full speed (like in a “disco zumbador”), blend themselves producing the white color (Newton, 1730, quoted below).”), but that to the cell phone camera, they can be captured with all the colors of the visual range; here are some that I was able to film recently (on the 28^th of July, 2019, between 10 PM and 11:30 PM on the Prol. of L. Cárds. 42, at Ajijic, Jal., MX): https://youtu.be/z0-rMArtTJY, compiled from my videos at: https://youtu.be/OQVPSj0Y4gk, https://youtu.be/VJovhGFGOvE, and https://youtu.be/UeR4kAa9Ju0” And, to commemorate the 50^th Anniversary of the landing on the Moon (07/20/69): https://youtu.be/3BNRwz-WeKs, and music: https://youtu.be/PmzKVLTCXBQ

Figure 11. Some of the visual wavelength spectrum colors of an electric storm: Brown, blue, red, purple.

Reference for this Appendix 4: Castro Chavez, F (2011). The quantum workings of the rotating 64-grid Genetic Code. NeuroQuantology 9(4):728-746.

Additional images from the original article that I wish to emphasize out of the seven that are there, is the Table 1:

Table 1. Equivalences between the “I Ching” digrams and the Yin/Yang arrows as per their relation to the genetic code.

In this table we can see the complementary nature of the “I Ching” digrams as well as its represented arrows, the old strands of the DNA replication at the extremes, while the new (or “young”) complementary strands are at the center.

Figure 2: The H-bonds file-compression of the codons by taking into account only the two first nucleotides of the codon as Niremberg did in his initial column of his never published original handwritten drawing. Here, included are the binary equivalences of A and U as 0 and C and G as 1.

From the actual article, we have: “…one for the long line (being the molecular logic for this that the triple H bond has precisely one hydrogen more of strength when compared to the double H bond, which here is, this last one represented with the broken line), hence zero for the broken line (and that was precisely the numerical assignment given as well by Leibnitz, the first scientist to praise the “I Ching” as a binary system preceding his own binary discoveries”

Figure 5: Comparison of the 24 cells obtained in this work (left), by ordering the codons according to their H-bonding with a previous work showing the groupings by common amino acids (right). The only difference is that the first one separates the stop codons in two (which are all together in the other table), while the second one does the same with the serines (which are all together in the opposite table). The numerical value of multiplying the H-bonds as explained in the text is added per cell. Showing the 3/2 relation for the rows 1-1 and 1-0, while the 0-1 and the 0-0 rows have the inverse relation of: 2/3.

As part of the conclusions of this article, I declared there the next: “It has been possible in this article to reduce the genetic code to the two first nucleotides of each of its codons, obtaining a 24 sets representation of the genetic code, similar in number to the previously demonstrated grouping of amino acids by their common codons, as it was compared here in the discussion, being even more compressed my representations previously published of the icosahedrons for the point of view of the 20 amino acids (adding the stop signs as a switch within the same cell, being this at the side of the start Met; and talking about twenty, see Appendix 3 (here in this brief account, see it above) for a related count, but this time in the work of the Mexican literature)… noticing that again, it was Pethoukhov who published a comparison between the language of genetics and that of literature (in his case in the Russian language, but here in the multiples of three: 294 little drawings called vignettes that are mostly on the top of each fragment of the novel “The fair”, by Arreola, and the adulteration of twenty of them by its editors).”

With my regards,

Fernando Castro-Chavez, PhD.

More research I have done is at:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Castro-Chavez%20F%22

And books that I have published are at:

https://www.amazon.com/Fernando-Castro-Chavez/e/B07GL44ZYN